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Table 1 PVQ and IRVS items. Items coded according to Schwartz’s basic and higher-order values (left-hand side columns), IRVS items coded into Hermann’s “subscales,” and marker items for Klages’ value dimensions

From: Do the PVQ and the IRVS scales for personal values support Schwartz’s value circle model or Klages’ value dimensions model?

Basic values

Higher order values

PVQ

IRVS

Subscales

Value dim.

UN

Tra

3. He thinks it is important that every person in the world be treated equally. He wants justice for everybody, even for people he does not know.

6. Helping socially disadvantaged groups

SA

KE

9. Respecting opinions that you really do not agree with

PT

KE

35. Showing moral courage

EA

 

19. He strongly believes that people should care for nature. Looking after the environment is important to him.

36. Respecting others

EA

 

37. Tolerance

EA

 

BE

Tra

12. It’s very important to him to help the people around him. He wants to care for other people.

17. Having a partner one can rely on

SI

 

18. Having good friends who respect and accept you

SI

 

18. It is important to him to be loyal to his friends. He wants to devote himself to people close to him.

19. Having lots of contacts with other people

SI

 

TR

Con

9. He thinks it’s important not to ask for more than what you have. He believes that people should be satisfied with what they have.

14. Adhering to traditions

CC

 

16. Being proud of German history

 

20. Religious belief is important to him. He tries hard to do what his religion requires.

(RE)

Con

24. Religion and religious faith

RO

 

26. Living according to religious norms and values

RO

 

CO

Con

7. He believes that people should do what they’re told. He thinks people should follow rules at all times, even when no-one is watching.

16. It is important to him always to behave properly. He wants to avoid doing anything people would say is wrong.

13. Doing what others are doing

CC

DK

SE

Con

5. It is important to him to live in secure surroundings. He avoids anything that might endanger his safety.

14. It is very important to him that his country be safe from threats from within and without. He is concerned that social order be protected.

5. Striving for security

NA

DK

20. Living health-consciously

EA

 

PO

Enh

2. It is important to him to be rich. He wants to have a lot of money and expensive things.

17. It is important to him to be in charge and tell others what to do. He wants people to do what he says.

3. Having power and influence

SM

HM

2. Having a high standard of living

SM

HM

7. Asserting one’s needs and prevailing over others

SM

HM

AC

Enh

4. It is very important to him to show his abilities. He wants people to admire what he does.

8. Working hard and being ambitious

NA

DK

32. Being hard and tough

SM

 

13. Being very successful is important to him. He likes to impress other people.

33. Having quick success

SM

 

34. Being clever and more cunning than others

SM

HE

Ent/Cha

10. Having a good time is important to him. He likes to spoil himself.

11. Enjoying the good things in life

HO

HM

30. A life full of enjoyment

HO

 

21. He seeks every chance he can to have fun. It is important to him to do things that give him pleasure.

   

ST

Cha

6. He likes surprises and is always looking for new things to do. He thinks it is important to do lots of different things in life.

28. Living an exciting life

HO

 

15. He looks for adventures and likes to take risks. He wants to have an exciting life.

SD

Cha

1. Thinking up new ideas and being creative is important to him. He likes to do things in his own original way.

4. Using one’s own ideas and creativity

SA

KE

11. It is important to him to make his own decisions about what he does. He likes to be free to plan and to choose his activities for himself.

12. Living and acting on one’s own responsibility

PT

 

(PM)

1. Respecting law and order

NA

DK

15. Living a good family life

 

23. Behaving environmentally conscious

EA

 

25. Having a clear conscience

27. Living so that others are not harmed

31. Inner peace and harmony

EA

 

10. Engaging oneself in politics (dropped)

PT

KE

21. Being guided by emotions when making decisions (dropped)

EA

 

22. Being independent of others (dropped)

EA

 

29. Living an easy and comfortable life (dropped)

SM

 
  1. AC achievement, BE benevolence, CC conservative conformism, CE creativity and engagement, Cha openness to change, CO conformity, Con conservation, DK duty and convention, EA ecological-alternative orientation, Enh self-enhancement, HE hedonism, HM hedonism and materialism, HO hedonistic orientation, KE creativity and engagement, NA norm-oriented achievement ethics, PO power, PM peace of mind, PT politically tolerant orientation, RE religion, RO religious orientation, SA social altruism, SC security and convention, SD self-direction, SE security, SI social-integrative orientation, SM sub-culturally materialistic orientation, ST stimulation, TR tradition, Tra self-transcendence, UN universalism