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Table 6 Multilevel results for models predicting ideals, gain, oughts, and non-loss from type of activity (study 4)

From: What motivates you right now? Development of a measure of momentary-chronic regulatory focus

  Model variable Ideals Gain Ought Non-loss
Intercept (SE) Estimate (SE) Intercept (SE) Estimate (SE) Intercept (SE) Estimate (SE) Intercept (SE) Estimate (SE)
M1 Between-person level 3.50 (0.41)   3.95 (0.36)   2.88 (0.37)   2.35 (0.44)  
Agea   − 0.01 (0.02)   0.01 (0.02)   0.00 (0.02)   0.01 (0.02)
Genderb   0.06 (0.23)   0.03 (0.20)   0.31 (0.21)   0.36 (0.25)
Chronic RFa   0.66*** (0.12)   0.49***(0.10)   0.33*** (0.09)   0.36*** (0.08)
Within-person level         
M2a University c 3.45 (0.47) 0.51* (0.16) 3.45 (0.39) 2.11* (0.13) 2.56 (0.35) 1.52* (0.11) 2.08 (0.43) 1.37* (0.12)
M2b Other obligations c 3.53 (0.42) − 0.50* (0.13) 3.94 (0.37) 0.27 (0.15) 2.79 (0.38) 1.13* (0.14) 2.28 (0.44) 0.33 (0.13)
M2c Recovery/idling c 3.72 (0.40) − 0.53* (0.11) 4.45 (0.34) − 1.77* (0.12) 3.25 (0.36) − 1.61* (0.11) 2.73 (0.45) − 1.16* (0.10)
M2d Active leisure c 3.41 (0.41) 0.70* (0.14) 3.88 (0.37) 0.56* (0.21) 2.94 (0.37) − 0.51* (0.16) 2.38 (0.44) − 0.24 (0.14)
M2e Social activities c 3.44 (0.41) 0.26 (0.12) 4.13 (0.36) − 0.82* (0.11) 3.02 (0.37) − 0.67* (0.10) 2.44 (0.44) − 0.42* (0.09)
M2f Travel c 3.50 (0.41) − 0.49* (0.16) 3.95 (0.36) − 0.57* (0.21) 2.88 (0.37) 0.06 (0.18) 2.35 (0.44) 0.30 (0.16)
   M1 d M2a–M2f M1 d M2a– M2f M1 d M2a–M2f M1 d M2a–M2f
  L-1 Residual variance 1.66 (0.06) 1.32 (0.05)/1.65 (0.06) 2.72 (.10) 1.72 (0.07)/2.71 (0.10) 2.13 (0.08) 1.57 (0.06)/2.13 (0.08) 1.78 (0.07) 1.28 (0.05)/1.77 (0.07)
  L-2 Residual variance 0.75 (0.13) 0.71 (0.13)/0.98 (0.17) 0.49 (0.10) 0.45 (0.09)/0.61 (0.12) 0.54 (0.10) 0.49 (0.09)/0.58 (0.11) 0.84 (0.15) 0.77 (0.14)/0.85 (0.15)
  -2 x log (deviance) 5501.58 5290.24/5490.85 6217.19 5607.22/6208.84 5850.62 5433.88/5850.87 5606.26 5190.05/5603.58
  Δ − 2 × log (deviance) 25.62*** 10.73*/211.34* 18.17*** 8.35/609.97* 15.17*** − 0.25/356.19* 23.57*** 2.68/416.21*
  Δdf 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
  1. N = 81; k = 1588. ***p < .001. *The probability level of p < .008, which is the Bonferroni-adjusted probability level of p < .05
  2. aGrand-mean centered. bGender: 1 = male, 2 = female. cAll activities were coded with 1 = activity currently pursued, 0 = activity not pursued. dChange in model fit refers to change from unconditional model to model 1. Models M2a to M2f include age, gender, chronic RF as person-level predictors, and one activity for each analysis separately. For models M2a to M2f estimates of residual variances as well as deviance statistics represent the ranges of results. All intercepts, level 1 residual variances as well as level 2 residual variances differ significantly from zero (p < .001)
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Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences

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