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Table 1 Sample characteristics, UK and Germany

From: An English-language adaptation and validation of the Political Efficacy Short Scale (PESS)

 

UK

Germany

N

468

474

Mean age in years (SD) [range]

45.2 (14.5) [18–69]

44.0 (14.4) [18–69]

Proportion of women (%)

52.6

50.0

Educational attainment (%)

 Low

34.8

33.5

 Intermediate

32.1

33.8

 High

33.1

32.7

  1. The educational attainment levels were as follows: low = never went to school/Skills for Life/1–4 GCSEs A*–C or equivalent (Germany: ohne Bildungsabschluss/Hauptschule [no educational qualifications; lower secondary leaving certificate]); intermediate = 5 or more GCSEs A*–C/vocational GCSE/GNVQ intermediate or equivalent (Germany: mittlerer Schulabschluss [intermediate school leaving certificate]); high = 2 or more A-levels or equivalent (Germany: (Fach-)Hochschulreife [higher education entrance qualification])