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Table 2 Key characteristics of the sample across languages

From: The Challenged Sense of Belonging Scale (CSBS)—a validation study in English, Arabic, and Farsi/Dari among refugees and asylum seekers in Germany

 

English (N = 341)

Arabic (N = 2957)

Farsi/Dari (N = 485)

 

Percent (absolute)

Survey language = mother tongue

 Yes

2.1 (7)

62.6 (1850)

85.8 (416)

 No

98.0 (334)

37.4 (1485)

14.2 (69)

Gender

 Male

56.6 (193)

62.2 (1840)

61.0 (296)

 Female

43.4 (148)

37.8 (1117)

39.0 (189)

Country of origin

 Syria

0.9 (3)

72.9 (2155)

-

 Afghanistan

2.6 (9)

1.5 (43)

0.6 (3)

 Iraq

-

15.4 (456)

79.2 (384)

 Eritrea

32.3 (110)

3.0 (88)

-

 Other

64.2 (219)

7.3 (215)

20.2 (98)

Legal status

 Asylum seeker

25.5 (87)

7.9 (234)

27.4 (133)

 Residence permit

49.9 (170)

85.5 (2528)

62.7 (304)

 No residence permit

22.6 (77)

5.6 (164)

5.6 (27)

 NAa

2.1 (7)

1.1 (31)

4.3 (21)

Education (ISCED 2011)b

 1

39.9 (136)

34.9 (1031)

50.1 (243)

 2

42.8 (146)

39.4 (1166)

33.0 (160)

 3

11.7 (40)

19.0 (562)

10.1 (49)

 NAa

5.6 (19)

6.7 (198)

6.8 (33)

Religious denomination

 Christian

54.0 (184)

8.1 (240)

12.8 (62)

 Islam

37.2 (127)

75.7 (2238)

72.6 (352)

 Other

4.1 (14)

8.2 (243)

0.4 (2)

 None

2.4 (8)

5.2 (155)

9.5 (46)

 NAa

2.4 (8)

2.7 (81)

4.7 (23)

Housing

 Refugee housing

36.4 (124)

11.9 (353)

33.2 (161)

 Private housing

63.6 (217)

87.5 (2586)

66.8 (324)

 NAa

-

0.6 (18)

-

Family status

 Not married

51.0 (174)

30.4 (899)

35.5 (172)

 Married

48.7 (166)

69.4 (2053)

64.5 (313)

 NAa

0.3 (1)

0.2 (5)

-

 

Mean (SD)

Age

31.9 (8.8)

35.4 (10.9)

33.0 (10.4)

Years in Germany

3.6 (1.6)

3.1 (1.1)

3.1 (0.8)

NAa

2

12

2

Total

341

2957

485

  1. aNA refers to missing values or insufficient information in order to generate a variable (e.g., ISCED11)
  2. bWe reduced the original ISCED 2011 classification (International Standard Classification of Education) into 3 categories (0, 1 = 1; 2, 3, 4 = 2; 6, 7, 8 = 3; 5 = not applicable), reflecting primary, secondary, and tertiary education (see UNESCO Institute for Statistics)