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Table 3 Respondents, mean, and standard deviation, Cronbach’s alpha, item-test correlations, and item-rest correlations for each factor over languages

From: The Challenged Sense of Belonging Scale (CSBS)—a validation study in English, Arabic, and Farsi/Dari among refugees and asylum seekers in Germany

  English Arabic Farsi/Dari
N Mean (SD) ITC IRC N Mean (SD) ITC IRC N Mean (SD) ITC IRC
CSBS1 294 3.4 (1.5) 0.83 0.65 2840 3.4 (1.5) 0.80 0.62 458 2.9 (1.6) 0.81 0.63
CSBS2 292 3.6 (1.5) 0.83 0.67 2838 3.5 (1.4) 0.81 0.65 454 3.3 (1.5) 0.79 0.60
CSBS3 295 3.4 (1.5) 0.81 0.63 2859 3.2 (1.6) 0.80 0.60 458 3.0 (1.6) 0.81 0.64
CSBS4 304 3.7 (1.4) 0.77 0.57 2878 3.8 (1.4) 0.76 0.57 457 3.5 (1.5) 0.74 0.53
Cronbach’s alpha 0.82 0.80 0.79
McDonald’s omega 0.82 0.80 0.80
CSBS Mean, 3.6; SD, 1.2; N, 266 Mean, 3.5; SD, 1.2; N, 2745 Mean, 3.2; SD, 1.2; N, 432
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Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences

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