Table 1 Demographic characteristics of all participants (cross-cultural adaptation, test–retest reliability, and criterion validity samples)

Cross-cultural adaptation (pilot/pretesting) sample; n = 12

45 years (SD 10.36)

Male: 7 (58.30%)

Married: 11 (91.70%)

Single: 1 (8.30%)

Non-manual workers: 5 (41.70%)

Manual workers: 7 (58.30%)

Pentecostal: 10 (83.30%)

Catholic: 2 (16.70%)

10.00 (3.70)

Illiterate: 4 (33.30%)

English: 6 (50%)

English/Igbo: 2 (16.70%)

Rural: 12 (100%)

Test–retest reliability sample; n = 50

45.2 years (SD 11.55)

Male: 18 (36.00%)

Married: 37 (74.00%)

Single: 8 (16.00%)

Widowed: 4 (8.00%)

Separated: 1 (2.00%)

Paid non-manual: 25 (50.00%)

Self-employed business/farming: 19 (38.00%)

Keeping house/homemaker: 2 (4.00%)

Student: 2 (4.00%)

Non-paid work/volunteer/charity: 1 (2.00%)

13.30 (7.14)

Urban: 30 (60.00%)

Rural: 20 (40.00%)

Criterion validity sample; n = 200

48.6 years (SD 12.00)

Male: 112 (44.00%)

Married: 143 (71.50%)

Widowed: 31 (15.50%)

Single: 22 (11.00%)

Cohabiting: 2 (1.00%)

Separated: 2 (1.00%)

Self-employed business/farming: 125 (62.50%)

Paid non-manual: 31 (15.50%)

Non-paid work/volunteer/charity: 16 (8.00%)

Keeping house/homemaker: 13 (6.50%)

Student: 7 (3.50%)

Unemployed (health reasons): 4 (2.00%)

Unemployed (other reasons): 3 (1.50%)

Retired: 1 (0.50%)

7.00 (6.40)

Rural: 200 (100%)