Table 3 Short-scale measures used in the survey correlated with SOP2

Big Five personality traits

Extra-short form of the Big Five Inventory–2 (BFI-2-XS; English-language version: Soto & John, 2017; German-language version: (Rammstedt et al., 2020)

Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness

15 (3 items per dimension)

UK sample: between α = .44 (Openness) and α = .79 (Emotional Stability), German sample: between α = .37 (Agreeableness) and α = .68 (Emotional Stability)

Risk proneness

Risk Proneness Short Scale (R-1; Nießen, Groskurth, et al., 2020b)/Kurzskala zur Erfassung der Risikobereitschaft (Beierlein, Kovaleva, Kemper, & Rammstedt, 2015)

-

1

r_tt = .76 (English-language version), r_tt = .83 (German-language version; Nießen, Groskurth, et al., 2020b)

General self-efficacy

General Self-Efficacy Short Scale–3 (GSE-3; Doll et al., 2021)/Allgemeine Selbstwirksamkeit Kurzskala (ASKU; Beierlein, Kovaleva, et al., 2014)

-

3

ω = .92 (English-language version), ω = .86 (German-language version; Doll et al., 2021)

Self-esteem

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; English-language version: Rosenberg, 2014; German-language version: von Collani & Herzberg, 2003)

-

10

UK sample: α = .90, German sample: α = .89

Locus of control

Internal–External Locus of Control Short Scale–4 (IE-4; Nießen et al., 2021)/Internale–Externale-Kontrollüberzeugung–4 (Kovaleva et al., 2014)

Internal locus of control, external locus of control

4 (2 items per dimension)

ω = .59–.63 (English-language version), ω = .59–.67 (German-language version; Nießen et al., 2021)

Interpersonal trust

Interpersonal Trust Short Scale (KUSIV3; Nießen, Beierlein, et al., 2020)/Kurzskala Interpersonelles Vertrauen (Beierlein, Kemper, et al., 2014a)

-

3

ω = .69 (English-language version), ω = .75 (German-language version; Nießen, Beierlein, et al., 2020)

Political efficacy

Political Efficacy Short Scale (PESS; Groskurth et al., 2021)/Political Efficacy Kurzskala (PEKS; Beierlein, Kemper, et al., 2014b)

Internal political efficacy, external political efficacy

4 (2 items per dimension)

ω = .84–.88 (English-language version), ω = .86 (German-language version; Groskurth et al., 2021)

Life satisfaction

General Life Satisfaction Short Scale (L-1; Nießen, Groskurth, et al., 2020a)/Kurzskala zur Erfassung der Allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit (Beierlein, Kovaleva, László, et al., 2015)

-

1

r_tt = .82 (English-language version), r_tt = .71 (German-language version; Nießen, Groskurth, et al., 2020a)

Health

Question measuring self-reported general health used in the European Social Survey (ESS; English-language version: ESS, 2016a; German-language version: ESS, 2016b)

-

1

-

Socially desirable responding

Social Desirability–Gamma Short Scale (KSE-G; Nießen et al., 2019)/Soziale Erwünschtheit–Gamma (Kemper, Beierlein, Bensch, et al., 2014)

Exaggerating positive qualities, minimizing negative qualities

6 (3 items per dimension)

ω = .67–.79 (English-language version), ω = .69–.70 (German-language version; Nießen et al., 2019)