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Fig. 1 | Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences

Fig. 1

From: Measuring public knowledge on nuclear weapons in the post-Cold War: dimensionality and measurement invariance across eight European countries

Fig. 1

Bifactor measurement model for knowledge on nuclear weapons. Note: The equal sign between loadings on the secondary factors displayed in the bottom of the figure indicates that factor loadings are constrained to equality within a secondary factor. For clarity of presentation, the latent variates y* underlying the observed variables and the arrows representing unique variances are not included in the graph

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Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences

ISSN: 2523-8930

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